When we think of communication, we usually think not of touch but of speech. This is because language itself happens primarily over the auditory (听力的，听觉的) channel. Since sound travels more than four times faster in water (1,480 meters per second) than in air (343 meters per second), it’s no surprise that a huge number of animals in the ocean also use sound as an efficient means of communication. The low-frequency sounds produced by larger whales can travel tens of thousands of miles underwater. Many species (物种) of fish use sound for communication.
The ocean is full of animals using the auditory channel for communication, but this may be changing. Because of human-made noise, the ocean sounds very different than it did millions of years ago. In our searching for both understanding and having communication with ocean species, we have become our own worst enemy. Ship noise and wind farms, all these activities are creating the loud and unpleasant sound in the ocean. Too much noise makes it difficult for fish to avoid enemies or for whales to hear those low-frequency calls as they now must compete with the noise of shipping traffic.
Jason Bruck and other researchers have focused their attention on the dolphins communication and the problem of ocean noise. They are looking at how even seemingly minimal (极小的) amounts of background noise might make it difficult not only for dolphins to communicate with each other but also to pay long enough attention to learning new skills.
Paige Stevens is studying the ways in which noise affects dolphins to learn living abilities. Just as we see in humans, background noise may make it difficult for dolphins to focus on the task at hand. Stevens’ research could show that it’s getting so loud in the ocean that dolphins might be losing their abilities to think clearly enough to live a normal life.
Humans feel a strong pull to communicate with ocean animals. And we have enough in common with most species in terms of (就……而言) shared communication channels to make this possible, even if it’s just a soft touch. It’s good to want to have communication with our favorite ocean species, but unless we find a way to turn down the volume, we won’t ever hear what they might want to tell us.
1．What do you know about the sound?| A．Sound travels faster in air than in water. |
| B．There is little loud sound in the deep ocean. |
| C．Some ocean animals use sound to communicate. |
| D．Human-made noise is good for some of the ocean animals. |
| A．animals like using language to communicate |
| B．people make some ocean noise to study the animals |
| C．people should stop communicating with ocean species |
| D．the background noise can keep dolphins from living normally |
| A．Living in the Ocean | B．From the Ocean to the Land |
| C．Animal Communication | D．Communication in the Deep |
| A．To tell us some ways to talk to animals. |
| B．To call on people to reduce noise in the ocean. |
| C．To introduce the communication way between human and ocean species. |
| D．To encourage people to do more researches on communication in the ocean. |
On Sept 5, China’s 13th scientific expedition(科学考察) to the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) reached the North Pole region(北极点区域). You may want to know: What’s the difference between doing research(研究) in the Arctic(北极) and Antarctica(南极)?
Research in the Arctic is difficult but it is easy in Antarctica. Antarctica is mainly land. So scientists can set up research stations(站点) on the land. However, the Arctic is mainly an ocean(海洋). Scientists can only set up drifing(流动的) stations or stations on boats in the Arctic.
There are also other differences between the two poles.
The Arctic is at the north end of Earth. Canada, Norway, Russia and five other countries have land there. Antarctica is at the south end of Earth. There are no countries there. People from all countries and regions can go there.
Antarctica is very cold. The winds at the South Pole are very strong. They blow away(吹走) the winds from warm places. But winds at the North Pole are not that strong. They mix(混合) with air from warm places.
1．What do we know from Paragraph 1?| A．September is the best time to go to the Arctic. |
| B．China did 12 scientific expeditions to the Arctic Ocean before Sept 5. |
| C．Thirteen Chinese scientists are in the Arctic. |
| D．The scientists are studying the difference between the Arctic and Antarctica. |
| A．Because it is mainly land. |
| B．Because there are many research stations. |
| C．Because there are many boats in the Arctic. |
| D．Because scientists have to use boats as research stations. |
| A．ab | B．ac | C．bc | D．bd |
| A．Because there is air from warm places. |
| B．Because there is more water. |
| C．Because the winds there are strong. |
| D．Because it is south of Antarctica. |
| A．Chinese scientists’ studies of the Arctic. |
| B．Research stations in the Arctic and Antarctica. |
| C．Differences between the Arctic and Antarctica. |
| D．The weather in the Arctic and Antarctica. |
| A．A pair of old dishcloths. | B．A pair of new trousers. | C．An oily rag. | D．A pair of old socks. |
Young people enjoy different kinds of drinks, though they know how bad drinks are for their health. What about you? What will happen to you if water takes the place of all drinks?
Chris Bailey, a popular blogger, tried this out. Here is what he has found.
First, you lose weight (体重) faster. Yeah, you do! You don’t have to exercise but just keep away from drinks for 9 days. It is the same as running for 8 kilometers a day! So write down your resolution (决心) on a piece of paper and put it on the wall. And you will see the result soon.
Sometimes when you have to stay up late for a test, a cup of tea or coffee is usually by your side on the desk. But do you know 75 to 85 percent of your brain (大脑) is water? Nothing else! Just by drinking water, your brain can work efficiently. You may remember things quickly and well.
What’s more, water washes out something bad in your body. So drinking enough water can stop you from getting a cold soon. If you want to look young and beautiful, drink a glass of water right now! Keep on doing it for longer, and you will be surprised at your soft and clean skin (皮肤).
Lastly, you save money! How much money do you spend on coffee and juice every week? The price (价格) of water is much lower than that of other drinks. Drink 5 glasses of water every day, or spend money visiting doctors. Think about it!
So, what are you waiting for?
1．Why is Chris Bailey mentioned (提及)?| A．To show he is popular. | B．To check his first try. |
| C．To talk about his health problems. | D．To take his findings as an example. |
| A．Losing weight. | B．Keeping away from drinks for 9 days. |
| C．Running for 8 kilometers a day. | D．Writing down your resolution on a piece of paper. |
| A．Do more exercise. | B．Drink water. |
| C．Care for your skin. | D．Dress correctly. |
| A．65 to 75 percent of the brain is water. |
| B．Keeping on drinking water makes hair soft and clean. |
| C．Staying away from drinks for 9 days helps lose weight. |
| D．The money spent on coffee is less than that in visiting doctors. |
| A．①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦ | B．①/②③④/⑤⑥/⑦ |
| C．①②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ | D．①/②/③④⑤⑥/⑦ |
In many people’s minds, it is bad to fail (失败). When they do, others will look down on (轻视) them.
Many famous people had failures before they became successful. Also, they aren’t afraid to share them with others.
The International Day for Failure is on October 13. Some students in Finland started it. The students found that Finland needed a lot of new jobs, but few people wanted to give them a try.
In 2010, some students in Finland celebrated the first Day for Failure. The next year, many famous people in Finland joined the students and shared their failure stories.
So, this October 13th, join them and celebrate your failure with the world.
It is everyone’s responsibility to make sure that young people grow into healthy adults.
| A．In the third year, the day became more popular. |
| B．What you should do is to learn from them. |
| C．In fact, there is now a special day for that. |
| D．Because of that, they are afraid to try new things. |
| E．The reason (原因) was that they were afraid to fail. |
| A．footprints | B．nests | C．eggs | D．bodies |
| A．Sunlight | B．Earth | C．Water | D．Air |
| A．heavy | B．big | C．old | D．clean |
| A．scientists think that the fossils may have a history of 100 centuries. |
| B．people haven’t found any fossil on the continent of Africa. |
| C．we can find some real bones in the fossils of a bone. |
| D．there are many kinds of sediment in the fossils. |
| A．an advertisement | B．a medical magazine | C．a science book | D．a notice |
How Can You Create Luck in Everyday Life?
You can probably agree that some people have more good things happening to them. Let’s just call that luck. Now would you like to learn how to be one of these lucky people? Here are 5 top tips for creating your own luck.
It is easy to believe that you never have any luck in everyday life if you don’t seem to be getting any breaks. But having had a difficult life gives you unusual lessons and develops courage.
Some people are already lucky and they just don’t know it. Instead of giving all your attention to what you are short of, look at how lucky you already are. You no doubt have some wonderful friends, family and a roof over your head.
Luck doesn’t just happen upon us—it comes to us when we’re open. Learning a new skill, visiting a new place and trying a new hobby are all great ways of creating your chances.
You’ll never create any luck if you sit there waiting for it to fall into your lap. Take steps towards your goals and dreams and greet every challenge. You will find you create more luck in everyday life.
Sometimes people would be prepared to help us out. If you need a hand with dealing with something rather than wait for someone to offer you a lucky break, go and ask them if they will help you out.
| A．Try Something New |
| B．Take Action Right Now |
| C．Ask for Help If Necessary |
| D．Feel Lucky about What You Have |
| E．See the Good in the Past |
| F．Be Confident at Any Time |
| A．Because it’s her first day at Brenton Hospital. |
| B．Because it’s her birthday and she’s at hospital. |
| C．Because her bicycle was broken down a hill. |
| A．She fell off her bike. | B．She was hit by a car. | C．She had a heart problem. |
| A．She asked the doctors for help. |
| B．She took the speaker to the hospital. |
| C．She called the speaker’s family. |
| A．A support for her leg. | B．Some medicine. | C．An operation. |
为了有效减轻义务教育阶段学生过重作业负担和校外培训负担，国家出台了“双减”政策(“double reduction” policy)。请根据以下提示，谈谈政策实施后，同学们该如何规划自己的学习和课余时间。
A． | B． | C． |
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