学进去

PRACTITIONERS

Jacqueline Felic de Almania(c. 1322)highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.

Tan Yunxian(1461-1554)was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve a apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511 Tan wrote a book, sayings of Female Doctor, describing her life as physician.

James Barry(c. 1789-1865)was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.

Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895)worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.

Naima Souissi and Saida Chehbouni cried as they hugged for the first time in 16 years when they met up in New York City. Their daughters, Nissma Bencheikh, 19, and Roaya Jannatipour, 18, met when they were both freshmen (大一新生) at the University of California, Berkeley. The two became fast friends. “We hit it off right away. We’re both pre-med (医科大学预科班的) and Canadian,” said Nissma.

The two had such a great bond (联系) that they decided to share an apartment during their second year, and on the move-in day the pair made a surprising discovery. “I was having a video chat with my mom in my room, and I thought I’d bring her out to meet Nissma’s dad,” Roaya said. Nissma added, “They talked for only a few minutes ... but in that short time we realized that not only were they neighbors, but our moms were actually best friends 16 years ago.”

The two friends, who at first thought they had met for the first time at university, even found out that they had photos together as babies that their mothers took. The two even found out that their mothers went to college together.

Sixteen years ago, their life separated the two best friends after Roaya’s family moved from Canada to California, and Nissma’s family relocated to northern Virginia, putting a distance of over 2,000 miles between the families.

Roaya said her mother had recently been trying to find Nissma’s mother on Facebook, and that when the two first separated they both did not have a computer or even a phone, making it difficult to keep in touch.

Before their reunion, Nissma told ABC News that she was excited that the pair met again, saying, “A best friend is a best friend even when 16 years passed.”