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For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent _______ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was _______ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to _______ daylight.

Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it _______ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the _______, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.

In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were _______ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce _______ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory(义务) to _______ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. _______, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.

The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and _______ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised(制定) five time _______ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.

President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state _______ its own DST, which proved to be _______ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo(禁运) and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon _______ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was _______ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).

1．

A．popular

B．solar

C．particular

D．singular

2．

A．employed

B．evaluated

C．distributed

D．contributed

3．

A．fruitful

B．full

C．beautiful

D．normal

4．

A．negatively

B．alternatively

C．extensively

D．aggressively

5．

A．journalist

B．physicist

C．chemist

D．economist

6．

A．closed

B．opened

C．fixed

D．installed

7．

A．introduced

B．restricted

C．donated

D．deleted

8．

A．stop

B．adjust

C．wind

D．mend

9．

A．Permanently

B．Eventually

C．Unfortunately

D．Theoretically

10．

A．reserve

B．persevere

C．preserve

D．observe

11．

A．places

B．districts

C．zones

D．territories

12．

A．interrupted

B．tempted

C．imported

D．adopted

13．

A．pleasing

B．confusing

C．convincing

D．comforting

14．

A．extended

B．afforded

C．abandoned

D．defended

15．

A．assembled

B．combined

C．abused

D．modified

Directions: After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Everywhere I look outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. 1． connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.

People 2． （influence） to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people 3． （describe） their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time 4． （resist） the temptation of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.

The main goal of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see people 5． （trap）in a pathological （病态的） relationship with time-consuming technology,6． they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude（奴役）. I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence 7． uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.

What is a healthy use of technology devices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what we need to ask 8． if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology. Mae West is famous for the wisdom that “too much of a good thing is wonderful.” 9． it's time to discover today's overused technology.

Richard Fernandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that “we can be swept away by our technologies,” To break the grand digital connection, people must consider 10． life long ago could be fantastic without today's overused technology.

假定你是李华，你校英语报正在征集以“Kind People Surrounding Me”为题的稿件。请你给校报投一篇稿件，讲述你朋友的故事。内容包括：
1.故事的经过；
2.自己的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Kind People Surrounding Me

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After my public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but _______: We’re almost certainly evolving, but we don’t know in what _______ or how fast.

We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk— gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was _______ in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired _______ adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the _______ for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.

The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” _______. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have _______ evolution — not just in our own species but virtually in all species: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of _______. We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now _______.”

According to the authors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “________selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fishes is ________ those smaller fishes.

Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we’re completely changing evolution on the planet ________. Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example. This ________ has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction (极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.

The authors speak with ________ assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion (摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’s brains are evolving fast,” they are abusing (滥用) the word “________.” Our children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological (药理学的) environment, but change alone is not evolution.

1．

A．instructive

B．disappointing

C．decisive

D．conflicting

2．

A．direction

B．region

C．frequency

D．condition

3．

A．beneficial

B．adaptable

C．unique

D．useless

4．

A．unproved

B．changeable

C．genetic

D．mysterious

5．

A．study

B．evidence

C．interest

D．implication

6．

A．disagree

B．support

C．follow

D．approve

7．

A．delayed

B．overdone

C．neglected

D．controlled

8．

A．unbalance

B．disaster

C．change

D．disturbance

9．

A．in our hands

B．out of order

C．in peace

D．out of control

10．

A．destructive

B．unnatural

C．adventurous

D．emotional

11．

A．by means of

B．at the cost of

C．in favor of

D．for the protection of

12．

A．makes no sense

B．makes great impression

C．calls attention

D．comes to an end

13．

A．problem

B．mistake

C．phenomenon

D．obstacle

14．

A．strong

B．baseless

C．sensitive

D．persuasive

15．

A．environment

B．technology

C．exposure

D．evolution

What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.

Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of space technology.

Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.

Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The Case of the Missing Dinosaur（恐龙）

My little brother Teddy and I run a detective agency together out of an office in my bedroom closet. The sign on the door says Investigations by Nina (with help from Teddy). Well, We’re detectives. We find things like missing shoes and hats.

Teddy handed me notes he’d gathered from the empty flowerpot on our porch(走廊). That’s where family and neighbors let us know about mysteries to solve. I read the papers, only to find that there were nothing important.“ How about a dinosaur?” asked Teddy. “ My friend Peter is missing his dinosaur.” That sounded great. I asked Teddy to tell me everything he knew.

Most days after school, my brother goes across the street to Peter’s house to play Go Fish. But yesterday, Peter refused to play any games. His eyes were red. He kept talking about his dinosaur, Bruno. We decided to help him. Then we walked to Peter’s house to check things out.

注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I started with my usual questions.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teddy was turning out to be a good detective.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The constant working engine that drives the majority of human action is, undoubtedly, the fragrant dream of individualism. And while the presence of its scent is   ______ throughout the world entirely, its value is worshipped (敬奉) to such an extent in a land no other than that of America.

As the framework of its history, America holds individuality as the ever-popular green light, the essence of which becomes the symbol of hope for, well, almost everything. In fact, in America’s current social status, individuality has become something of a birthright, and a   ______ applied upon the face of the media, where it was ______ valued as the American dream. There is no denying the popularity of this idol in American society, and little hope for   ______ it.

However,   ______ most pride themselves in their individualistic state, perhaps humans, when stripped (剥) to their core (核心), are everything but.

It is no new discovery that people are the sum of their experiences. The overwhelming majority of human experiences involve other humans, along with the   ______and relationships between them. It is a   ______ occurrence when a life is built upon events without this stimulus. Indeed, interaction is the core of experience. Therefore, in order that humans are the sum of their experiences, they must be the sum of the people that they meet, just as well.

As an Americanized teen, I found the discovery that not only my self-entitled individualism was________, but that I, as a being, was a product, increasingly unsettling to accept. Questions ____ me such as “If I am bits and pieces of everyone I have met — my family, my teachers, all of my friends, and even strangers — then what is left that is just me? What part of me is just me? How much of myself is the combining of different parts of different people? Is such a   ______ between myself and others even possible?”

Such are inquiries that will continue to be thought about, as I have come to accept that they will remain a   ______. Therefore, with the allowance of these questions, the response must be a ___ in the definition of “oneself”. The previously mentioned questions no longer concern me, as I have put a stop to the idea that the “real” me is some lost isolated island on top of an ocean of influence.

I realized that my personality cannot depend on a(n) ______ between influence and individualism, as such is a line that cannot be distinct. ______, I must be a person whose calmness is a beautifully hazy mixture, and a steady question. Thus, it is the commonly unnoticed durable mystery that is the frustration of those who can   ______ the lie of individualism. Hopefully, they will come into acceptance.

1．

A．unpredictable

B．untrustworthy

C．unreliable

D．undeniable

2．

A．necessity

B．characteristic

C．mark

D．model

3．

A．later

B．previously

C．extremely

D．publicly

4．

A．destroying

B．appreciating

C．chasing

D．escaping

5．

A．though

B．if

C．since

D．as

6．

A．conflict

B．tension

C．interaction

D．cooperation

7．

A．common

B．rare

C．frequent

D．strange

8．

A．right

B．justified

C．unclear

D．false

9．

A．affected

B．interrupted

C．bothered

D．surprised

10．

A．separation

B．combination

C．contrast

D．communication

11．

A．secret

B．mystery

C．truth

D．fantasy

12．

A．gap

B．belief

C．factor

D．change

13．

A．distinction

B．connection

C．exchange

D．medium

14．

A．Therefore

B．However

C．Instead

D．Furthermore

15．

A．break up

B．make up

C．cope with

D．see through

The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate(南方联盟) troops were led by perhaps 1． (honored) military tactician(战略家) in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union (北方联盟)soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.

In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man 2． pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centeredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.

Despite the fact that the Confederacy 3． (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, 4． (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, 5． God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident?

Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee’s army. He had already been aware, for example, 6． Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’s own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves 7． Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lee’s only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus 8． (assure) a Union victory.

Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive 9． (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but 10． (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces withdrew in defeat.

假定你是李华，你校交换生Paul最近因为疫情在家上网课，感觉学习效果不理想，写信询问你如何改善。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 给予安慰；
2. 提供建议；
3. 表达愿望。
注意：1. 词数80左右
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数为150左右。

In 2000, when I was around seven years old, all my family were coming back from a T-ball game, which was our usual weekend adventure, but unlike every other weekend, a surprise was waiting for us in our driveway—two adult geese and a small goose. Obviously startled by our return, the adults flew away in panic, with their baby, too young to fly, left in place, tiny and delicate.

Hours passed one after another, and night eventually fell. However, with it also came a deep chill and a fear of watchful animals. It was apparent that the gosling needed protection, warmth, and food to make it to the morning, so we had to help it, and we brought him onto our back yard.

We all pretty much slept with one eye open till morning came. And then another morning. And still another. Each morning, we would try to drive the goose away to his parents, who kept coming back to our yard. He wouldn’t go to them, though, and neither would they come close enough to claim him. We kept this up for five days, but no luck. Realizing the young goose had clearly decided we were his family by then, we had to give him a name, calling the little guy Peeper, because he would often follow us around the yard making a peeping(唧唧叫) noise, nonstop. Besides, we decided that Peeper was a boy. I don’t know why; it just felt right.

A year passed and we settled into a routine. Peeper slept on our back yard each night and, in typical goose fashion, used it as a latrine(公共厕所). My dad would spray off all the goose droppings daily. Part of this ceremony included Dad throwing Peeper up into the air so he could flap its wings and flew a loop(圈) around the house, and then came back again once the porch was clean.

Days turned into weeks, and weeks turned into months.

Paragraph 1:

Before we knew it, the little thing had grown into a big bird with two powerful wings.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

It came as a total surprise to me when, in 2020, an adult goose made his way back to my family home.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________