Yours Sincerely,
Ann
Mind-reading AI turns thoughts into words using a brain implant
An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of 250 words. The system may bring us a step closer to
Joseph Makin at the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues used deep learning algorithms to study the brain
The team fed this brain activity to a neural network algorithm, training it to identify regularly
Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition didn’t form part of the training data,
Makin says that using a small number of sentences made it easier for the AI to learn which words tend to follow others. For example, the AI was able to decode that the word “Turner” was always likely to follow the word “Tina” in this set of sentences, from brain
The team tried decoding the brain signal data into
Making says 250 words could still be useful for people who can’t talk. “We want to deploy this in a patient with an actual speech disability,” he says, although it is possible their brain activity may be different from that of the women in this study, making this more
Sophie Scott at University College London says we are a long way from being able to translate brain signal data comprehensively. “You probably know around 250, 000 words, so it’s still an incredibly
| A．inspecting | B．restoring | C．admiring | D．inspiring |
| A．emotion | B．attractiveness | C．awareness | D．signals |
| A．monitor | B．master | C．control | D．expect |
| A．concluded | B．excluded | C．contained | D．increased |
| A．extended | B．occurring | C．ignored | D．concerned |
| A．form | B．handle | C．hand | D．force |
| A．issuing | B．producing | C．allowing | D．acquiring |
| A．behavior | B．comment | C．preparation | D．performance |
| A．possibility | B．activity | C．capacity | D．responsibility |
| A．individual | B．financial | C．social | D．technical |
| A．serves | B．finishes | C．maps | D．competes |
| A．switch up | B．put up | C．rise up | D．scale up |
| A．privacy | B．accuracy | C．currency | D．fluency |
| A．critical | B．specific | C．proper | D．difficult |
| A．committed | B．oppressed | C．restricted | D．dominated |
Spending time together is very important for a family. Parents can use this time to really get to know their children, and children love spending time together with their parents.
Whether it is breakfast, lunch or dinner, families can always come together at the table. Mealtime can feed more than just the baby alone. Family relations can be promoted as well. Eating breakfast together is a great way to start the day. Eating dinner together every night allows families to share the happenings of the day and plan for tomorrow.
Everyone loves a good movie. Get a bowl of popcorn and gather on the couch together for a family movie night once a week. After a week or two, family members begin to really look forward to this relaxing and quiet family time. You can also gather your family together for a story. Kids just love bedtime stories. This allows parents to spend a bit of time with their kids, too. Children will fall asleep much more easily after having a story read to them. This little bit of family time is beneficial in a lot of ways.
Pack up your tent and head for the hills. Going camping is a great way for family members to have some of that special time together, and a great way to enjoy a holiday too! Games are fun for both kids and adults. There are so many games to choose from! This is a wonderful way to bring family members together as games make family time so fun!
Enjoy your family time and have fun with it. You’ll remember the special time for the rest of your life.
| A．washed | B．wash |
| C．washing | D．to wash |
Thick snow covered around my car. Everything around me was blanketed in white. The light was fading as the sun set over the rocky peaks.
I was driving up a mountain and it was supposed to be a four-hour trip from Red River, to Durango. I inched along on a winding, unfamiliar road in a snowstorm. I was on my way to meet my friend Jane, who was visiting her family in Durango. She’d invited me to join them for the weekend. The fastest way to Durango from Red River would be this mountain road. I was so excited about the weekend that I left without checking the weather.
Thirty minutes into my drive, the snow had started. It was gentle snow at first. I thought about turning around. Because it hardly looked threatening, I continued. Now I regretted that decision. But it was too late. The road was too narrow and icy for me to turn around. The snow was getting worse. The only way out was forward, higher and higher into the mountains. The last bit of sunlight disappeared, and I couldn’t see anything beyond the few feet lighted by my headlights.
My cell phone had lost service as soon as I’d entered the mountain pass and was powered off. I couldn’t call for help. I had some bottled water in the car and the clothes in my luggage. Maybe I could find a place to pull over and wear more clothes until morning. Would that be enough to keep me warm all night? How long would it take for someone to find me? “Everything will be fine,” I whispered.
Then I noticed a pair of lights seemed to glow dimly (隐隐发光) through the snowstorm. I opened my eyes wide and then drove ahead. There they were. Tail-lights! There was a car in front of me! At least someone was here with me. “Focus on the lights, not your fear,” I told myself.
I could see the car’s tire tracks in my headlights.
After leaving the narrow mountain road, I got closer and the car I followed stopped.
I was eleven years old standing outside in just my underwear while I watched the house that I grew up in rapidly
I stood there quaking with fear
I still think of that fire in the night that helped me to learn the
| A．pull | B．fall | C．burn | D．throw |
| A．sound | B．wide | C．light | D．heavy |
| A．dream | B．neighbor | C．scream | D．thunder |
| A．broke in | B．broke out | C．broke up | D．broke down |
| A．Without | B．As | C．Since | D．Upon |
| A．mud | B．steel | C．wood | D．curtain |
| A．consumed | B．claimed | C．spread | D．injured |
| A．though | B．unless | C．until | D．while |
| A．hopefully | B．excitedly | C．helplessly | D．appropriately |
| A．as though | B．as long as | C．even if | D．now that |
| A．dismissed | B．recognized | C．desired | D．approached |
| A．families | B．surroundings | C．things | D．people |
| A．bridge | B．pole | C．fence | D．rope |
| A．guard | B．walking﹣sticks | C．feet | D．hand |
| A．freely | B．unsteadily | C．casually | D．purposely |
| A．holding | B．quitting | C．lifting | D．beating |
| A．alive | B．native | C．expensive | D．necessary |
| A．experience | B．bitter | C．wealth | D．love |
| A．physical | B．mental | C．social | D．psychological |
| A．heart | B．fire | C．spirits | D．feelings |
Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother’s incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy 's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual’s success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years al Columbia University 's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
1．According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.| A．to think critically | B．to decide one’s own fate |
| C．to live a better life | D．to recover from adversity |
| A．The psychologists | B．The resilient children |
| C．Positive elements | D．Internal locus of control |
| A．your positive perception may turn adversity around |
| B．stressful events are more predictive than delightful events |
| C．experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering |
| D．a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time |
| A．To teach people how to be resilient |
| B．To encourage people to live through adversity |
| C．To indicate people’s perception varies from each other |
| D．To compare different research findings about resilience |
Yours,
Li Hua
搜索
