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Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Brain typing

When you move, sense, speak or do just about anything, your brain generates a specific corresponding pattern of electrical activity. Brain typing under development can use these impulses to restore movement in some who have paralysis, a loss of control of the body caused by an injury to the nerves.

This advanced brain implant can let individuals with impaired limb movement create text using the mind-no hands needed. Such technology could potentially benefit millions of people worldwide who cannot type or speak because of impaired limbs or vocal muscles. But this technique let people generate just 40 characters per minute, far lower than the average keyboard typing speed or roughly 190.

Thus, some scientists have a hesitation about this new research: while restoring communication via written letters is intuitive, it may not be the most efficient efficient means of doing so. “Why not teach the person a new language based on simpler elementary gestures?” One of them asks, “This could both boost the speed of communication and, crucially, decrease the mental effort and attention needed. “

For now, Willett, a research scientist, is focusing on brain typing together with his team. He admits that analyzing what someone intends to say is still a major challenge facing researchers, given that individuals generate speech more quickly than they write or type. “It's been a hard problem to decode speech with enough accuracy and vocabulary size to allow people to have a general conversation.” Willett says. “But we' re now excited that we can decode handwriting very accurately. That is a great breakthrough.”

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Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Why modern music should quieten down

Quietness may be underestimated values in pop music. 1． (look) up “the loudest band in the world” and you will be confronted with a large number of rock giants from Manowar who proudly achieved a sound pressure level of 139 dB to Motor-head. The pickings are slim 2． we substitute “quiet” for “loud”.

In a way, increasing the volume of a song makes biological sense, something the music industry   3． (exploit) since the jukebox era. There is an organ in the inner ear called sacculus that in linked to a region of the brain 4． (associate) with pleasure and react to low-frequency vibrations over 90 dB.

On the other hand, 5． (focus) sorely on loudness ignores the infinitely more subtle appeal of being quiet. A French band called “Air”, 6． twenty-years collection was released on June 10, are masters of the art. As any teacher knows, quietness can be more effective than shouting to make people pay attention. Air employed this gentle persuasion on Moon Safari, an album that attracts the listener   7． the peaceful sound of rain and muted drums. Even when Air do increase the volume, the vocalist's voice remains one of 8． (gentle) noises in pop. Given its warmth and peacefulness, it is no coincidence 9． the album was a favourite among clubbers after a night out. It is a time when the desire for kindness, companionship and warmth prevails.

So forget the “loudness war”. Manowar 10． be happy with their 139 dB, but they are comprehensively defeated by fireworks, which reach 145 to 150 dB when they explode, and the call of the blue whale, which goes all the way up to 188 dB. Now that' something to shout about.

假如你是李华，是一名高中生。因为担心同学们只顾上网而忽视了学习，学校关闭了教室里电脑的上网功能，同学们感到很郁闷。请你给校长写一封建议信。内容包括：
(1)说明教室里的电脑不能上网给同学们带来的不便；
(2)上网的必要性（查资料、看新闻等）；
(3)提出建议。
注意：
(1)词数80~100左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Headmaster,
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Yours,

Li Hua

“ Humans and machine algorithms (算法) have complementary (互补的) strengths and weaknesses. Each uses different sources of information and strategies to make predictions and decisions, ” said Mark Steyvers, UCI professor of cognitive sciences. “ We show through experiments that humans can improve the predictions of AI even when human accuracy is below that of the AI, and vice versa (反之亦然). This accuracy is higher than combining predictions from two individuals or two AI algorithms. ”

To test the framework, researchers conducted an image classification experiment where human participants and computer algorithms worked separately to correctly identify disorderly pictures of animals and everyday items including chairs, bottles, bicycles and trucks. The human participants ranked their confidence in the accuracy of each image identification as low, medium or high, while the machine classifier generated a continuous score. The results showed large differences in confidence between humans and AI algorithms across images.

“ Human participants were confident that a particular picture contained a chair, for example, while the AI algorithm was confused about the image, ” said Padhraic Smyth, UCI Chancellor’s Professor of computer science. “ Similarly, the AI algorithm was able to confidently provide a label for the object shown, while human participants were unsure if the disorderly picture contained any recognizable object. ”

When predictions and confidence scores from both were combined using the researchers’ new Bayesian framework, the mixed model led to better performance than either human or machine predictions achieved alone.

“ While the past research has demonstrated the benefits of combining machine predictions or combining human predictions, this work shows a new direction in demonstrating the potential of combining human and machine predictions, pointing to new and improved approaches to human-AI cooperation, ” Smyth said.

“ The blend of cognitive science focusing on understanding how humans think and behave and computer science in which technologies are produced will provide further insight into how humans and machines can cooperate to build more accurate artificially intelligent systems, ” the researchers said.

1．Which of the following may the research’s findings agree with?

A．Humans have poor performance in making predictions.

B．Humans and machine algorithms should work together.

C．Machine algorithms have low accuracy in calculation.

D．Machine algorithms failed in the classification experiment.

2．What method did the researchers use during the research?

A．Comparison.

B．Assumption.

C．Giving examples.

D．Analysing reasons.

3．What does the underlined word “ blend ” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Difference.

B．Combination.

C．Contradiction.

D．Advantage.

4．What may be the best title for the text?

A．Humans are confident of their predictions

B．Humans can improve the predictions of AI

C．Develop mixed human- machine model for smarter AI

D．Identify the strengths of humans and machine algorithms

假定你是李华，你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1.表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2.说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3.给出说好普通话的三点建议。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.文中不得透露个人和学校名称。
Hi, Sharon,

This is Li Hua. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.

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每个人成长道路上都会面临各种选择。请以“A Wise Choice I Made”为题，结合个人经历写一篇短文，参加你校举办的英语征文比赛。内容包括：
1.个人经历；2.收获与感受。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
                    2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

假定你是学校英文报记者李华，近期你校正在举行创建美丽校园活动，请你以"Beautiful Campus，Better Life" 为题，写一篇新闻稿报道本次活动。
内容包括∶1. 活动目的；2.活动内容∶创建环保与文明校园；3. 师生评价
注意∶1. 词数80左右，标题不计入总词数；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Beautiful Campus, Better Life

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No Guts, No Glory? The Fear and Attraction of Risky Winter Sports

Once I went flying off the side of a mountain on skis. Certainly, I didn’t mean to. Before I _________ the ground, there was a surprising amount of time for reflection—and more on the long painful journey down to the ambulance.

The Winter Olympics are here, and I’ll be astonished with my heart in my mouth, watching ski-jumping and people hurtling downhill at _________ speed one way and another. But why are we so attracted to doing, watching and glamorizing dangerous activity? Is it really the thrill (兴奋) of the adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush? I hate that part when I take a big risk of any kind.

It _________ out I’m not the only one. The popular “thrill-seeker” explanation put forward by Marvin Zuckerman and others that sensation seeking is a basic personality trait has been strongly _________. Thrill-seeking is common in the young, especially young males. Many pay a high _________ for it. But our relationship with fear, courage and risk-taking is _________.

Eric Brymer and Robert Schweitzer asked people who had been doing an extreme sport for many years, to reflect   _________ on the experience. For these people, it wasn’t that they didn’t feel fear, or that they were attracted to the feeling of fear. They saw fear as an important tool to _________ danger—and working through it was a transformative experience. Part of the reward was the sense of one-ness with nature that lay beyond the _________.

For me, reading what the research participants said was __________ and there was a lot that was easy to relate to. __________, it seemed as though they believed they were only taking on risks over which they could prevail (战胜). Presumably, many of the people who are severely injured thought so too. I wonder if many who draw the short __________ regret it?

I have an almost total lack of mastery of winter sports. The contrast between my enthusiasm and lack of skill   __________ the somewhat spectacular accident at the start of this post. But just what kind of risks are we talking about with winter sports more commonly? For example, Brian Chaze and Patrick McDonald gathered published data on head injuries in winter sports. They advocated __________ use for sledding and skating as well. Children who hurt their heads sledding need hospitalization twice as much as for head injuries in other sports. Helmets aren’t used much, though.

Perhaps the best __________ from watching the winter Olympians is not the glamour of their risk-taking, but the way they rock those helmets.

1．

A．left

B．hit

C．flew

D．lost

2．

A．short-lived

B．mind-numbing

C．break-neck

D．long-drawn-out

3．

A．turns

B．hangs

C．takes

D．bursts

4．

A．applauded

B．prohibited

C．recommended

D．challenged

5．

A．interest

B．respect

C．priority

D．price

6．

A．simple

B．straightforward

C．complicated

D．close

7．

A．swiftly

B．deeply

C．intensely

D．temporarily

8．

A．identify

B．dread

C．treasure

D．conduct

9．

A．experience

B．society

C．fear

D．environment

10．

A．enlightening

B．distressing

C．entertaining

D．confusing

11．

A．Hence

B．Furthermore

C．Rather

D．However

12．

A．scene

B．picture

C．odds

D．straw

13．

A．stands for

B．accounts for

C．checks out

D．points out

14．

A．belt

B．helmet

C．protection

D．blade

15．

A．take-away

B．carry-out

C．take-off

D．try-out

生活中除了金钱、房子、车子等财富，也有如知识、健康、经历等隐性财富。作为高中生，你所理解的财富是什么？请以“My Treasures”为题用英语写一篇短文，内容包括以下要点：

我眼中的财富	至少两点，比如友谊、理想 ……
拥有它们的意义	1. 拥有它们对学习、生活的作用 2. 失去它们对学习、生活的影响
获取它们的途径	（请考生根据自己的经历或感想，提出至少两种做法）

注意：
1. 词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
2. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
My Treasures

In our life, we have treasures like money, houses and cars, etc. However, we have a lot more hidden treasures, such as knowledge, health and experiences. As a senior student, I think the most important treasures in our life are

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假定你是李华，针对你校学生中普遍存在不吃早餐或者用零食代替早餐的现象，请你代表英语俱乐部给全校学生写一份倡议书，号召大家养成科学吃早餐的习惯。内容包括：
1. 早餐的重要性；
2. 如何健康吃早餐；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯_；
3. 倡议书的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Have a good breakfast!

Dear fellow students.
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The English Club