Jenny was the only child in her family. She had a quarrel with her mother that afternoon and ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t help crying when she thought of the scolding (责骂) from her mother. Getting around aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat. She stood beside a stand (货摊) for a while, watching the middle-aged man busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she had to leave. The man behind the stand noticed Jenny and asked, “Hey, do you want to have the noodles?” “Oh, yes, but I don’t have money,” she replied.
“I’ll treat you today,” said the man. He brought her a bowl of noodles, the smell so attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently. “What is it?” asked the man kindly. “Actually I was just touched by your kindness!” said Jenny as she wiped her tears. “Even a stranger will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother drove me out of the house.” Hearing the words, the man smiled, “I only gave you a bowl of noodles. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times she cooked for you? Have you expressed your thankfulness to her?”
Jenny sat there, speechless; she remembered her mother’s familiar face. “A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful. Why haven’t I thanked my mum for what she has done for me?” On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home.
Paragraph 1: Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. ______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: A gentle touch on her head called her mind back._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Stress for a teenager is as real a problem as stress for an adult. Therefore, it’s important to understand the causes of stress in teenagers.
When parents change their jobs or if the family decides to move to a different place, the child has to change schools, fid new friends, adapt to the new social circle and fit into new groups. It is always difficult for children to adapt to such changes, which can be a serious cause of stress in their life.
Academic difficulties, such as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress. Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help besides school work to grasp a few concepts. Poor academic performance is often laughed at and is looked down upon by both teachers and peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel isolated, neglected and hurt. All of this, put together, can add to stress, which many times worsens grades.
Extra curricular activities such as playing a sport, or attending art classes can weigh heavily on your child’s mind. Balancing school and extra curricular activities does seem like a burden when you have to be outstanding at both. When the pressures from both the ends get unmanageable, teenagers tend to get tired and annoyed. Tiredness sets in, leading to stress related issues such as lack of concentration in school.
These are the common causes of stress in teenager, which can be noticed through signs such as poor memory, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude. If the signs of teenage stress go unrecognized for a long time, it can make the child emotionally out of balance. And next step, if this happens, it is necessary for parents to know how to deal with stress.
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A.Try not to think of a polar bear. | B.Try to pose as a polar bear. |
C.Stop thinking about their feet. | D.Observe themselves for a few minutes. |
A.Those who were informed of the purpose of the experiment. |
B.Those who were told to think of white bears on purpose. |
C.Those who were shown pictures of white bears at intervals. |
D.Those who were asked not to think of a white bear from the beginning. |
A.There will be greater chance of us controlling the thoughts. |
B.Old doubts will be more likely to come to the surface. |
C.we will be able to get rid of negative thoughts. |
D.We will be bothered more likely by the thoughts. |
The Old Man and The Sea
The old man took one look at the great fish as he watched the shark close in.
The shark closed fast on the boat and when he hit the fish the old man saw his mouth open and his strange eyes and his sharp teeth as he drove forward in the meat just above the tail. The old man could hear the noise of skin and flesh ripping on the big fish when he threw the fishing spear(叉)into the shark’s head at a place where the line between his eyes crossed with the line that ran straight back from his nose. There were no such lines.
The shark turned over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he turned over once again, wrapping himself in the rope.
A.Finally, he wanted to give up because of lack of strength. |
B.It was hard for me to escape from the shark but I will try. |
C.But that was the location of the brain and the old man hit it. |
D.The old man knew that he was dead but the shark would not accept it. |
E.I cannot keep him from hitting me, he thought, but maybe I can get him. |
F.The shark lay quietly for a little while on the surface and the old man watched him. |
Yours sincerely
Li Yue
Life is difficult.
What do you think about life? Maybe most people say that life is difficult. But life is no longer difficult once we truly understand and accept it. Most people do not fully see this truth. Instead, they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that their difficulties represent a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning.
Problems are the serious test that tells success from failure. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
1.The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to _________.A.get readers’ attention | B.argue with readers |
C.give an example | D.show his opinion |
A.we do not learn from experience |
B.we do not learn when we are in pain |
C.pain teaches us important lessons |
D.the pain of problems is not welcome |
A.life is difficult because our problems bring us pain |
B.people like to complain about their problems |
C.we become stronger by facing and solving the problems of life |
D.everybody has problems |
If you’ re reaching for the last piece of pizza at a party, and meanwhile see another hand going for it, your next move probably depends on how you feel and whom the hand belongs to. Your little sister — you might just grab the pizza. Your boss — you probably will give up. But if you’re hungry and feeling particularly confident, you might go for it.
Now researchers have made progress in understanding how mammals’ brain encodes social rank and uses this information to shape behaviours — such as whether to fight for that last pizza slice. They discovered that an area of the brain called the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was responsible for representing social rank in mammals; changes to a mouse’s mPFC affect its dominance (支配) behaviour. But it was unknown how the mPFC represented this information and which neurons (神经元) were involved in changing dominance behaviour.
In the new study, Professor Kay Tye let groups of four mice share a cage, allowing a social hierarchy (等级) to naturally develop — some mice became more dominant and others more subordinate. As soon as the mice were paired up, he discovered, the activity of their mPFC neurons could predict — with 90 percent certainty — the rank of their opponent.
“We expected animals might only signal rank when they are in a competition,” says co-researcher Nancy. “But it turns out animals walk around with this representation of social rank all the time.”
When the researchers next asked whether the activity of the mPFC neurons was associated with behaviour, they found something surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviour, such as how fast a mouse moved, and they also could predict — a full 30 seconds before the competition started — which mouse would win the food reward.
The winner was not always the more dominant, but the one engaged in a “winning mindset”. Just as you might sometimes be in a more competitive mood and be more likely to snatch that pizza slice before your boss, a subordinate mouse might be in a more “winning mindset” than a more dominant mouse and end up winning.
The areas of the mPFC associated with social rank and “winning mindset” are next to one another and highly connected. Signals on social rank impact the state of the brain involved in “winning mindset”. In other words, a subordinate mouse’s confidence and “winning mindset” may partially decrease when faced with a dominant one.
“This is further evidence to suggest that we are in different brain states when we are with others compared to when we’re alone,” says Tye. “Regardless of who you’re with, if you’re aware of other people around you, your brain is using different neurons.”
1.The author writes Paragraph 1 in order to ________.A.tell an interesting story | B.present a typical example |
C.introduce a major topic | D.provide a convincing proof |
A.The mPFC neurons. | B.The researchers. |
C.The brain activity patterns. | D.The changes in behaviour. |
A.mPFC neurons change dominance behaviour. |
B.Brain activities can influence social hierarchy. |
C.Dominant opponents boost “winning mindset”. |
D.Social rank and “winning mindset” affect behaviour. |
A.Those eager to win may succeed. | B.When alone, we are more confident. |
C.Social rank guides competitive behaviour. | D.“Winning mindset” establishes dominance. |