| A．A programmer. | B．A sports announcer. |
| C．A sportsman. | D．A taxi driver. |
| A．Because he didn’t want to get it. |
| B．Because he didn’t have any experience. |
| C．Because his parents didn’t agree with him. |
| D．Because no stations needed an announcer. |
| A．said nothing to him | B．told him to give up |
| C．encouraged him to go on trying | D．advised him to get further education |
| A．asked | B．invited |
| C．refused | D．taken |
| A．He disliked the job in Montgomery Ward. |
| B．He got a good job in Davenport, Iowa at last. |
| C．He was given a chance by Peter. |
| D．His father also gave him some help. |
When your teenager has done something inappropriate or dangerous, you may need to immediately correct their behavior; however, any teaching moments you have in mind may have to wait if you want them to be effective.
The minute you start correcting your child in a forceful way, it’s likely that their defense mechanisms kick into gear and they start blocking out what you’re saying. This is normal, as it’s a way of protecting themselves when someone is saying negative things to them. The problem is, it renders you helpless to get your point across at that moment.
Looking at this from the teen’s point of view, when they recognize they’ve messed up and are upset about their behavior, it can lead to them becoming upset with themselves. It’s also possible the teen may feel the adult is overreacting and that they didn’t do anything wrong. Either of these feelings can cause them to become absorbed in their own emotions and not be open to input from the adult. As a result, they may not be in a place to hear you. That’s why no matter what you say, it may not be effective and can cause the child to become more upset and defiant, which in turn can further infuriate you.
To have more positive communication with adolescents, we have to talk with them when they’re ready to hear us. While we need to correct potentially dangerous behaviors immediately, the educational part of the discussion may need to wait. To really reach them, they have to be in a place to listen to us, which may mean waiting until the emotions have eased and you can each discuss what happened logically. That would be the time you and your child can discuss expectations and boundaries moving forward. Teens can be reasonable. It’s just tough for them to be reasonable when they’re in the midst of being taken to task and become reactive. By waiting for the emotional upset to fade, we can be more effective in talking with them, and finally having them follow behaviors that can help keep them safe.
1．What is defense mechanism according to Paragraph 2?At the end of many sports events and competitions, all the contestants are honored for their effort. But in a world where not everyone can be a winner, does getting a consolation prize（安慰奖）actually improve a child’s self-esteem?
Participation awards have been around for at least 100 years, but lately they have come under fire for killing children’s sense of competition. Yet that is exactly the opposite of what these medals do for little ones, says psychologist and parenting coach Emily Pagone.
When preschoolers and kindergartners compete, they don’t know the expectations adults have for them, Pagone says. Offering them a trophy（奖杯）or medal can highlight the skills that the losers showed and encourage the sportsmanship of all the players.
But what really makes a participation award worthwhile is the conversation that comes with it. “When the caregivers around the children recognize their abilities, talents and strengths, children are placed in a position to learn about the expectations of the situation. And pointing out what kids do well can also build their self-confidence.” Pagone says.
Still, there is one problem with this system: students may rely too much on rewards from outside sources to motivate themselves. It’s valuable for them to play soccer not only because they want to earn something to decorate their rooms, but also because they enjoy the sport. They won’t always get prizes for doing their best, so it’s important to build an inner desire to push through challenging times.
For this reason, Pagone recommends discontinuing the use of participation awards around first grade. But not all experts agree that is best. Positive feedback can also benefit older kids and adults, keeping them coming back to their hobby even after a tough practice or season, says Kelly LaPorte, clinical director at a counseling center. That lesson of celebrating the effort and not just the result remains important throughout a person’s life.
Trophies and medals for preteens and teens should also be paired with conversations, particularly to prepare them to deal with loss. Sometimes this means letting them take a five-minute walk to calm down after a match. Other times it just requires allowing them to express their feelings. A “perfect world” would include participation awards for kids and postgame reflections with caregivers and coaches.
1．What do participation awards do to little children according to Pagone?| A．They kill their sense of competition. | B．They encourage sportsmanship of all players. |
| C．They meet kids’ expectations for the game. | D．They make players ignore the sports skills. |
| A．They get in the way of helping children build self-confidence. |
| B．They might prevent kids from building an inner desire for the sport. |
| C．They benefit both little children, older kids and adults in learning. |
| D．Their value lies in that they celebrate the effort rather than the result. |
| A．They are more beneficial than harmful. | B．They are more harmful than beneficial. |
| C．They can be effective but have limitations. | D．They should be replaced with conversations. |
| A．Are Participation Awards Still Necessary? | B．How Do Participation Awards Impact Children? |
| C．What is the Myth about Participation Awards? | D．Why Should Participation Awards be Abandoned? |
A new study finds climate events such as flooding, heatwaves and drought worsen more than half of the known diseases that infect people. These diseases include malaria（疟疾）, cholera（霍乱）and anthrax（炭疽）.
Researchers examined medical literature（文献）of established cases of such diseases. They found out that 218 out of the known 375 human infectious diseases seemed to be made worse by extreme weather connected to climate change. The study connected more than 1,000 pathways from climate events to sick people. In some cases, heavy rains and flooding sicken people through disease-carrying mosquitoes, rats and deer. Other events, like warming oceans and heatwaves, spoil seafood and droughts bring bats carrying viral（病毒性的）infections to people.
Medical doctors, going back to the days of ancient Greek civilization, have long connected disease to weather. But this study shows how widespread the influence of climate events is on human health. “Climate is changing, and the risk of these diseases is changing,” said Dr Jonathan Patz. “The findings of this study are terrifying and illustrate well the enormous consequences of climate change on human pathogens（病原体）. Humans need to all work together to prevent disasters from climate change.”
Camilo Mora, a climate data expert, said the study is not about predicting future cases. “These are things that have already happened,” he noted. Here’s one example Mora knows from his own experience. About five years ago, Mora’s home in rural Colombia was flooded, creating a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Mora contracted Chikungunya, a virus spread by mosquito bites. He survived, but he still suffers pain related to the disease. In another case, the remains of a reindeer which died from anthrax were unearthed as the Siberian permafrost（永冻土）melted from warming in 2016. A child touched the dead animal, got anthrax, and an outbreak spread.
Dr Aaron Bernstein said the study is a good warning about climate and health for now and the future. He added, “But of course, it only reports on what we already know, and what’s yet unknown about pathogens may be yet more convincing about how preventing further climate change may prevent future disasters like COVID-19.”
1．What is the main idea of the passage?| A．Climate disasters make infectious diseases worse. |
| B．Climate disasters bring deadly threats to humans |
| C．Climate disasters cause unknown infectious diseases. |
| D．Climate disasters enable viruses to spread across the world. |
| A．the wide spread of climate-related viruses | B．the dangers of disease-carrying animals |
| C．the real-life impact of climate change | D．the huge damages of infectious diseases |
| A．more related researches are needed | B．unknown diseases are the real threat |
| C．COVID-19 still remains a mystery | D．actions should be taken for prevention |
Lindsay Byrne and her twin sister, Nicole Kelly, were flying from Boston to their parents’ house in Florida when the flight crew announced that help was needed due to a
Byrne, a Wayland firefighter and paramedic (护理人员), and Kelly, a nurse at Beth Clinic, immediately jumped into action. They
The woman had grayish-blue skin, a faint pulse and was having difficulty
“Soon we
Once the plane landed, local paramedics transported the woman to a local hospital to be
Wayland Fire Chief said he’s proud of Byrne and Kelly and how their training instantly kicked in to save the woman’s life. “Incidents like these are what first responders and medical professionals
| A．medical | B．financial | C．environmental | D．technological |
| A．found | B．understood | C．learned | D．imagined |
| A．gradually | B．completely | C．suddenly | D．barely |
| A．moving | B．breathing | C．standing | D．speaking |
| A．noticed | B．admitted | C．realized | D．considered |
| A．conscious | B．aware | C．determined | D．focused |
| A．handled | B．treated | C．relieved | D．watched |
| A．train | B．develop | C．aim | D．use |
| A．staff | B．goods | C．information | D．resources |
| A．eye-catching | B．breath-taking | C．ground-breaking | D．life-saving |
众所周知，良好学习习惯的养成对中学生极为重要。请以＂How to develop our good learning habits＂为题写一篇英语小短文，向同学们提出以下建议：
How to develop our good learning habits
In ten years | ||||
| job | appearance | place | sports | family |
| police officer | tall, strong, short straight hair | Beijing | swimming, table tennis | two children |
I am still not sure how I made the decision, but last year I agreed to have a New Year’s Eve party. It took me days to prepare (准备). Then there were the lists to be made and shopping to be done in the supermarket. After shopping, I really wanted to have a rest, but I hurried to make food in the kitchen.
The night before the party, my husband helped me set up tables. I felt pleased. On the morning of that day, I woke to the sun shining. Everything was ready.
At 4:00 p. m. , my husband was working in his company (公司) and would be home in an hour. At 5:00 p. m. , I sent a message to him and asked, “Are you on your way? Everyone will be here in an hour.” He said, “I’m really busy now. Sorry.” At 5:45 p. m. , I sent a message to him again. He answered, “Sorry, I’m still tied up.” I was worried if I’d hold the party alone. I kept sending messages to ask him as guests arrived.
I felt worried and unsure of how to hold the party. By 7:30 p. m. , we were hungry, so we all sat for dinner, with one empty chair beside me. My husband promised he would be home before dinner was done.
At 9:30 p. m. , my husband called, “Honey, I never imagined this could have happened. Things are wrong here. Some people made mistakes in the number of our products (产品). Now we have to count them all again.”
I realized (意识到) that the night was hard for my husband. “Will you forgive (原谅) me?” he asked again. “Yes,” I took a breath. “I’m sorry for being impatient (不耐烦的). Take your time. Happy New Year.” My husband said, “Thank you! Happy New Year!”
1．Why did the writer keep sending messages to her husband?| A．Because she hoped he would be back soon. |
| B．Because she knew nothing about the guests. |
| C．Because she met something dangerous at home. |
| D．Because she wanted him to buy something for her. |
| A．He was a little angry with her. | B．He didn’t have enough partners. |
| C．He could never look after his family well. | D．He had a busy and difficult night at work. |
| A．②③①④ | B．②③④① | C．②①③④ | D．②①④③ |
| A．We should improve our social skills. |
| B．We often need to make difficult choices (选择) in life. |
| C．We should learn to put ourselves in others’ shoes. |
| D．We’d better prepare ourselves for some challenges. |
①Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into an argument (争吵)? Have your once warm conversations become cold? You are not alone. Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.
②Teenagers’ physical (身体的) changes may cause such family problems. You may feel worried that you are developing at a different speed to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. You might worry about your changing voice and weight problems. When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first you want to get angry with.
③It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental (精神的) needs too. You enter a strange middle ground— no longer a small child but not quite an adult. You hate to depend on your parents but have a continued need for their love and support. You feel ready to make decisions on your own. Unluckily, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy. On the other hand, when you are trying to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient— sometimes they forget that growing up is a hard time. It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you to act like an adult. All of this can cause a breakdown in your relationship.
④______ The key to keeping the peace is regular (有规律的) and honest communication. When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain. Explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and make them free from worries. Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
⑤Just remember that it is common to fight with the stress and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. The good news is that this stormy time will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for your future.
1．The writer asked two questions in paragraph 1 to ______.| A．introduce a subject | B．give examples | C．solve a problem | D．tell stories |
| A．Parents’ love. | B．Parents’ dislike. |
| C．Parents’ disagreement. | D．Parents’ support. |
| A．So it’s difficult to get along well with your parents. |
| B．However, you can take action to improve the situation. |
| C．But how could this happen? |
| D．But when can this come to an end? |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．to encourage teenagers to get through a difficult time |
| B．to describe family problems between teenagers and parents |
| C．to introduce some ways to solve the family problems |
| D．to explain possible reasons of a difficult time |
| A．health | B．price | C．value | D．cost |
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