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There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae(幼虫). In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eggs. These are the shrimps(虾) that live in the Mojave Desert, an intensely dry region in the south-west of the United State where shade temperatures of over 50℃ are often recorded.

The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand. When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake, once every two to five years, these eggs hatch. Then the water is soon filled with millions of tiny shrimps about a millimeter long which feed on tiny plant and animal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake. Within a week, the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimeter to a length of about 1.5 centimeters.

Throughout the time when the shrimps are rapidly maturing, the water in the lake equally rapidly evaporates. Therefore, for the shrimps it is a race against time. By the 12th day, however, when they are about 3 centimeters long, hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females. Usually by this time, all that remains of the lake is a large, muddy patch of wet soil. On the 13th day and the next, during the final hours of their brief lives, the shrimps lay their eggs in the mud. Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.

If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth, adulthood, egg-laying, and death. Some years there is insufficient rain to form a lake; in this case, the eggs will remain dormant for another year, or even longer if necessary. Very, very occasionally, perhaps twice in a hundred years, sufficient rain falls to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more. In this case, the species passes through two cycles of growth, egg-laying, and death. Thus, on such occasions, the species multiplies considerably, which further ensures its survival.

Many people draw on the paper, but few paint on stones. And that was 1． (exact) what Mo Wuying is doing. The artist from Chongqing has been doing this for more than eight years. And

The poses of animals she creates 3． (decide) by the shapes of the stones. Mo says it is an art form that requires creative 4． (idea).

According to Mo, the first step is to draw the outline of an animal on a stone. Then she colors it 5． (make) lively. After that, she adds all the details (细节).

Driven by her love of painting from a young age, Mo has been improving her stone painting skills for years. 6． the beginning, she tried her hand at sceneries and characters. In the past three years, she has focuses on painting animals. Mo 7． (finish) hundreds of stone paintings so far. “The longer I work on it, the 8． (interesting) I find it,” said Mo proudly. She sometimes even forgets to eat or sleep 9． the painting takes up all her attention.

“10． is relaxing to paint on stones and makes me more patient,” said Mo, adding that she would continue working on it.

①The sun sets on a field in southern England. When it rises again the following morning, that field has become a huge work of art. A large part of the crop has been pressed into a pattern of circles, squares and other shapes.

②Farmers have reported finding strange circles in their fields for centuries. The earliest mention of a crop circle dates back to the 1500s. A woodcut（木版画）from the time showed a “mowing devil” making a crop circle. Crop circles, however, didn’t get attention until 1980, when a farmer in England, discovered three circles, each about 18 meters across, in his field. The world first began to learn about crop circles.

③By the 1990s, crop circles had become something of a tourist attraction. In 1990 alone, more than 500 circles appeared in Europe. Within the next few years, there were thousands.

④Crop circles can be in many different shapes. Most early crop circles were simple circular designs. But after 1990, the circles changed. Crops can be made to look like just about anything—smiling faces, flowers of even words.

⑤People have long been wondering who or what is creating these crop circles. Possibly the most widely known idea is that crop circles are the work of visitors from other planets. Those who agree with the idea say the circles are either the mark left by landing spacecraft or messages brought from afar for us.

⑥Probably the most scientific opinion says that crop circles are created by vortices（漩涡）. They force the air down to the ground, which presses the crops down. Dr. Terence Meaden, an expert in this field, says when the dust gets caught up in a vortex, it can appear to glow, which may explain the UFO—like glowing lights many people have seen. But no one can explain how the air can create such perfect shaped crop circles in just a few seconds.

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There’s much to see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it.

Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away. The fish might not be so big after all! It’s just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!

What’s more, in deeper water, colors just don’t seem as bright. In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths (波长) of light that are reflected from its surface. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water.

Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let’s take a bright red, yellow, and blue wet suit as an example. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors, are missing. As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost (鬼怪)! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again.

Do you have a better understanding of the behavior of the light underwater? We need to be careful about the objects around us and explore (探索) their mysteries by ourselves.

Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean. On January 14th, 2022, an underwater volcano erupted near Tonga.

The volcano is located off the coast of Tonga. It first began to erupt on Friday. Even though the volcano was underwater, it sent a column of gas, ash, and stones 20 kilometers into the sky.

Saturday’s eruption was far larger. It’s believed to be the largest in over 20 years. The eruption caused a loud “sonic boom”, which could be heard even in Alaska, 10,000 kilometers away. The eruption caused a 5.8 magnitude earthquake, as well as tsunami (海啸) waves that traveled far and wide.

In Japan, Chile and Australia, people moved away from low-lying areas along the coast. The waves sunk boats in New Zealand and caused two deaths in Peru.

The event knocked out Internet services in the area. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its Internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea. The reports of injuries and deaths in Tonga related to the eruption couldn’t be known in time because of problems with communication.

In the following days, the smoke and ash from the volcano covered much of Tonga. ________ That was the biggest danger which might last for a long time.

New Zealand and Australia sent teams to Tonga to help out. Some of the teams used airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation. But at that time, the large cloud of ash high above Tonga was making it impossible to get a good picture of what was happening in the area from high in the air. The United States and the World Health Organization also sent help to Tonga.

The world’s first fully hydrogen-powered (氢动力的) train line has begun running in Germany. The trains make almost no noise and run without ________. Germany is planning to ________ many of its diesel (柴油) trains with hydrogen trains. Recently, five hydrogen-powered trains were put ________ use in Germany.

Hydrogen is the simplest known element. It’s so ________ that it can be got without much effort. Hydrogen can be used to create electricity by ________ it with oxygen in a “fuel cell (燃料电池)”. Electricity of the new kind of train will never ________ as long as it has hydrogen. The oxygen ________ from the air around the train. The ________ part is that, when a fuel cell creates electricity, it doesn’t create pollution. The only thing it gives off is ________, which comes out as steam (水蒸气).

The hydrogen-powered trains are ________ by electricity created by hydrogen fuel cells. Because the motor (发动机) is electric, the trains run almost ________. It’s good for people both inside and outside the trains because a quiet environment is ________.

There’s a hydrogen ________ on the line to refuel (补充燃料) the trains. But since the trains can go about 1,000 kilometers ________ they need more fuel, they only need to fill up once a day. The trains can run at 140 kilometers per hour. It’s about the same ________ as that of diesel trains.

2023, 对于即将毕业的我们无疑是值得回忆与展望的一年, 欢笑与泪水, 希冀与不舍, 挣扎与拼搏, 都将凝成人生中一个个饱含深情的感叹号！如果用一个关键词来定义你的2023, 会是什么? 某英语网站以”Word for My 2023”为主题, 发起征文活动, 请分享你的关键词背后的故事或感悟。

Word for My 2023

A lot of big cities, like London, have got many traffic problems. ________ a journey of a few kilometers ________ take more than an hour. So what’s the best way to get ________ London? For a very short journey, it’s probably a good idea to walk. But what happens ________ you want to go further?

The hosts of a popular TV car show decided to find out. Each of the hosts chose a different type of transport ________ the same 27-kilometer journey. One host went by bike. One went by car. ________ chose public transport—the underground and the bus—and the last one travelled by speedboat up the River Thames. They ________ started at the same time and the same place in West London, but who ________ to City Airport in East London first? The bike came first in ________ . In second place was the speedboat. Public transport came third and the car was last.

So the hosts had ________ answer. The bike was ________ than all the other types of transport and the car was slower. They weren’t very happy ________ the result because they wanted the car to win. They made a joke and said that the bike wasn’t a real winner ________ it was more dangerous.

But, of course, the bike ________ the real winner. It’s the best way to get about. It’s cheaper than public transport and healthier for you than a car. It’s also better for ________ cities because bikes don’t pollute the air.