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The first 1． (discover) of water on the moon was made in 2009 by India’s Chandrayaan-1 mission. The team used NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument to 2． (final) discover water. Since then, water has been mapped from orbit in 3． (mission) like NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

China’s Chang’e5 lunar lander used its mineralogical spectrometer (矿物学光谱仪), 4． was designed to find water. It did so by 5． (determine) spectral reflectance (光谱反射率) measurements of rocks on the moon. The water was found near the Oceanus Procellarum on the moon’s near side.

The Chang’e 5 landed on the moon on December 1, 2020 with a mission to collect lunar rocks to bring back to Earth. This is China’s first ever sample (样本) return mission;however, the country has had four 6． (success) robotic tasks to the moon before the Chang’e 5.

The lander was 7． the surface for less than 48 hours before it headed back into orbit around the moon.

China is 8． third country to bring samples back from the moon, after the United States and the Soviet Union. China is working hard to launch the Chang’e 6 in 2023. The lander is meant 9． (be)a backup to the Chang’e 5, but it 10． (head) to the lunar south pole for samples.