Biology is making it clearer that a man’s health and well-being have a measurable impact on his future children’s health and happiness. This is not because a strong, responsible man has a greater ______ of being a good dad—or not only for that reason—or because he’s probably got good genes. Whether a good man’s genes are good or bad(and whatever “good” and “bad” mean in the context),his children’s bodies and minds will reflect ______ choices he has made over the years, even if he made those choices ______, he ever imagined himself strapping on a baby Bjorn.
Doctors have been telling men for years that smoking, drinking and recreational drugs can lower the ______ of the sperm(精子). What doctors should probably add is that the health of unborn children can be affected by what and how much men eat; the toxins(poisonous substances)they ______, the traumas(unpleasant experiences)they endure, their poverty or powerlessness; and their age at the time of conception(怀孕). ______, what a man needs to know is that his life experience leaves ______ traces on his children. Even more astonishingly, those children may pass those traces along to their children.
Lately scientists have been obsessed with(着迷于)a means of ______ that isn’t genetic but isn’t non-genetic either. It’s epigenetic,“Epi”,in Greek, means “above” or “beyond”. Think of epigenetics as the way our bodies modify their genetic makeup. Epigenetics describes ______ genes are turned on or off, in part through compounds that get on top of DNA—or else jump off it—______ whether it makes the proteins that tell our bodies what to do.
In the past decade or so, the study of epigenetics has become so ______ that it is practically a craze. Psychologists and sociologists particularly like it because gene expression or suppression(抑制)is ______ affected by the ______ and plays at least as large a role as genes do in the development of a person’s characteristics, body shape and tendency to disease. I’ve become obsessed with epigenetics because it ______ me as both game-changing and terrifying. Our genes can be switched on or off by three environmental factors, among other things: what we ingest(food, drink, air, toxins),what we ______(stress, trauma),and how long we live.
1.A.passion | B.likelihood | C.opportunity | D.value |
2.A.lifestyle | B.genetic | C.habitual | D.parental |
3.A.long before | B.long after | C.as long as | D.shortly after |
4.A.quantity | B.quality | C.value | D.size |
5.A.release | B.produce | C.absorb | D.consume |
6.A.Moreover | B.On the contrary | C.In other words | D.On the other hand |
7.A.vital | B.potential | C.distinct | D.biological |
8.A.inheritance | B.growth | C.development | D.breeding |
9.10.A.regulating | B.determining | C.defining | D.testing |
11.A.serious | B.popular | C.significant | D.sensitive |
12.A.at the most | B.at the least | C.in general | D.to some degree |
13.A.intelligence | B.culture | C.environment | D.psychology |
14.A.shocks | B.strikes | C.discourages | D.inspires |
15.A.experience | B.suffer | C.support | D.comprehend |